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Photovoltaic (PV) is a term used to describe the process of converting sunlight into electricity with or without any moving parts, noise, pollution or fuel. Photo stems from the Greek ‘phos’, signifying light. ‘Volt’ is named from Alessandro Volta (1745 – 1827), a contributor in the study of electricity. Photovoltaic literally means 'electricity from light'.

The photovoltaic (PV) process converts free solar energy the most abundant energy source on the planet - directly into electricity. Photovoltaics (PV) is the field of technology and research related to the application of solar cells for energy by converting sunlight directly into electricity.

Photovoltaic Cell
A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect.  Sometimes the term solar cell is reserved for devices intended specifically to capture energy from sunlight, while the term photovoltaic cell is used when the source is unspecified. Assemblies of cells are used to make solar panels, solar modules, or photovoltaic arrays. Photovoltaic is the field of technology and research related to the application of solar cells in producing electricity for practical use. The energy generated this way is an example of solar energy (also called solar power).

How does a Photovoltaic Cell Works
A solar cell or photovoltaic cell is a device that converts sunlight directly into electricity by the photovoltaic effect. PV cells are thin, flat wafers made of materials called semiconductors that are able to conduct, or carry, electricity. Over 90% of the solar cells manufactured today are made from silicon, a semi-conductor, or a semi- metal, that has properties of both a metal and an insulator. One side of the cell is treated with a substance that carries a negative charge (e.g. phosphorous). The other side is treated with a substance that carries a positive charge (e.g. boron). Another layer, this one non-energy conducting, separates the two charges layers. A wire runs from the negatively charged side of the cell to the positively charged side.

Photovoltaic Array
A photovoltaic array is a linked collection of photovoltaic modules, which are in turn made of multiple interconnected solar cells in modules. The cells convert solar energy into direct current electricity via the photovoltaic effect. The power that one module can produce is seldom enough to meet requirements of a home or a business, so the modules are linked together to form an array. Most PV arrays use an inverter to convert the Direct current power produced by the modules into alternating current that can plug into the existing infrastructure to power lights, motors, and other loads. The modules in a PV array are usually first connected in series to obtain the desired voltage; the individual strings are then connected in parallel to allow the system to produce more current. Solar arrays are typically measured by the peak electrical power they produce, in watts, kilowatts, or even megawatts.

How does Photovoltaic Array Works
A PV array is made up of solar cells that convert the sunlight into electrical power. The solar cells consist of ultra-pure silicon, which via selective doping receives the characteristics of a semiconductor. When sunlight shines on the surface of the solar cell, a potential difference develops between the upper and lower sides of the cell. When the two sides of the solar cell are connected with each other, electricity flows and the cell produces power. To generate the desired voltage several cells are connected in series; the desired current is achieved by connecting the cells in parallel. The sum of the solar modules in an installation makes up the PV generator.

Thus, a sufficiently high amount of tension and energy is produced to supply an entire household or building with electricity. But before the energy from sunlight can be used, it must be processed. The photovoltaic cells deliver direct current, which has to be transformed into useable 50Hz alternating current by a static converter.

In the case of autonomous installations, the produced energy is stored in batteries - and that is how a reliable energy supply is guaranteed even at night.

We expertise in building and establishing Solar Energy Plants and Photovoltaic Array to promote the use of solar energy in daily life and boost for further demand.

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